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Xbox设计主管揭秘：每一代主机的设计都受到了一款宜家产品的启发_我的网站

A |     The August 15, 2021 fall of Kabul shocked the world, signaling the collapse of the West’s 20-year-long, multi-trillion-dollar nation-building experiment in Afghanistan in a single day.,Less than two weeks before the cataclysm, US and Afghan officials issued statement after statement expressing confidence in the Afghan military’s ability to fight on without American support on the ground.,“[The Afghan Army has] got greater numbers, they’ve got an air force, and, oh by the way, their air force is also flying…This is not an incompetent air force – they know how to fight from the air and they are. They have modern weaponry. They have military organizational ability as well as 20 years of training in the field by – not just the United States but our NATO and Allied partners. So they have a lot of advantages. It’s really just now about using those advantages,” Pentagon spokesman John Kirby told reporters in Washington on August 11, less than 100 hours before Kabul’s collapse.,In the chaotic few days that followed, Afghan Air Force personnel wound up flying nearly 50 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft out of the country to neighboring Uzbekistan.,What happened? How did the US and NATO’s orderly withdrawal – which began in May 2021 amid fears that the Taliban would attack Western forces if they didn’t stick to the terms of the 2020 Trump-Taliban Doha peace deal, turn into such a humiliating and disorganized rout?,Paper Tiger vs Shoeless Army,On paper, the Afghan government and army seemed prepared for a years-long slog, similar to the one put up by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, which managed to hold out against the Mujahedeen independently between 1989 and early 1992, even as the jihadists received billions in arms and cash from the CIA, Saudi and Egyptian intelligence, Pakistan and China. By comparison, the NATO-backed Afghan Army had serious problems with foreign support for the Taliban, with the insurgent group’s only major foreign backer consisting of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence.,The Afghan military boasted a total size of some 300,000 personnel – the 16th largest army in the world, along with an impressive array of $85 billion in US-gifted weaponry, including tens of millions of guns, grenades and rocket launchers, 8,500 Humvees, hundreds of armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks, mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles, and thousands of heavy and light trucks.,The Air Force’s inventory included more than two hundred Russian and US-made attack and utility helicopters, dozens of transport planes, and close to 30 Cessna 208 and A-29 Super Tucano ground attack and COIN jets.,US 'Lost Track' of Afghan War Aims, Says Retired Marine General12 August, 17:00 GMT,Facing off against them were the Taliban: a rag-tag group of militants whose core fighting force was estimated to consist of about 60,000 fighters, some of them shoeless, no air force, and limited mobility due to their adversary’s total air superiority and control of fuel.,Behind the scenes, a sprinkling of media reports and testimonies from Afghan soldiers and officials told a sobering story previewing the coming disaster, discussing the widespread disillusionment, demoralization and corruption centered around military and police structures based more on patronage, personal power and enrichment than competence and aptitude.,“There is no motivation for the army to fight for the corrupt government and corrupt politicians here,” Ahmad Wali Massoud, Afghanistan’s former envoy to the UK, told the Wall Street Journal on August 10, a few days before Kabul’s collapse.,“They are not fighting for [then-Afghan President Ashraf] Ghani. They haven’t even been fed properly. Why should they fight? For what? They are better off with the Taliban, which is why they are switching sides like that,” Massoud explained.,US Military Vehicles Falling Into Taliban Hands at Alarming Rate, Report Finds3 July 2021, 15:14 GMT,Ghani himself would end up fleeing the country as Kabul fell, with his entourage reportedly carrying so much money in suitcases from the state coffers that he had to leave some of it behind. Ghani has categorically dismissed these reports and denied allegations besmirching his good name.,John Sopko, the US inspector general for Afghanistan, warned Congress in March 2021 about the state of the Afghan’s military’s demoralization, admitting that “endemic corruption” was a threat, and that it was “fueling” the insurgency and giving the Taliban the means to gain public support.,Another problem, according to a May 2021 report by the Associated Press, was lack of professionalism. Attiqullah Amarkhiel, a former Afghan Army major general, told the news agency that while the Moscow-allied Afghan Army of 1989 consisted of about 150,000 high school educated troops. By contrast, he said, the NATO-trained crack troops of the Western-backed Afghan government had just six-to-eight weeks of basic training, with most recruits uneducated and/or allied to warlords.,“Then we had quality. Today we have quantity,” Amarkhiel said.,Blitzkrieg,This demoralization and corruption, combined with what The Intelligencer characterized as an institutionally built-in deep overdependence on US coalition support, culminated in the events of early-mid-August 2021.,By mid-July of that year, the Taliban was able to take advantage of coalition forces’ withdrawal by establishing control over large swathes of the Afghan countryside. However, no major cities and none of the country’s 34 provincial capitals were under the group’s control at the time. Throughout its two-decade insurgency campaign, the Taliban only launched one major strategic offensive against a government-controlled city – striking Kandahar in May 2011 before retreating back into the countryside.,Fast forward a decade, and the militant group would finally cast off their inhibitions about offensives cities.,On August 6, the militants captured Zaranj, capital of the southern province of Nimruz near the border with Iran, in a lightning attack, with government forces putting up light resistance and local bureaucrats fleeing the city.,A day later, the militants captured Sheberghan, capital of Jawzjan province, after heavy fighting. On August 8, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz and Taluqan, three provincial capitals in the north of the country, fell, followed by Aybak in the northern Samangan province on August 9.,August 10 witnessed the collapse of Farah in the west and Pul-e-Khumri in Afghanistan’s center. A day later, Faizabad, capital of the northeastern province of Badakhshan also fell.,Animation showing Taliban's inexorable march towards Kabul. “The problem with the army was not lack of training or weapons. The most important thing in war is politics”Read @AmyKazmin @KatrinaManson and @b_parkyn's story on why the Afghan army foldedhttps://t.co/bjjJdPp15J pic.twitter.com/Ll6JrHQWLH— Steven Bernard (@sdbernard) August 15, 2021,August 12-13 would become the darkest days for the Afghan army and government up to that point, with the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Kandahar, Lashkar Gah, Qala-e-Naw, Feruz Koh, Pul-e-Alam, Terenkot and Qalat falling to the Taliban in the space of 48 hours. On August 14, the strategic northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif fell.,Finally, on August 15, 2021, Kabul and the eastern city of Jalalabad collapsed – falling, awkwardly, while tens of thousands of coalition troops, contractors, diplomats, Afghan puppet administration assistance and Western intelligence agents were still in the country.,© AP Photo / Rahmat GulA U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.A U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.© AP Photo / Rahmat Gul,In a post-op analysis of the events, General Yasin Zia, the former chief of staff of the Afghan army, estimated that some 4,000 security forces troops were killed, and 1,000 more gone missing, in the deadly weeks between July 1 and August 15, 2021 – with that figure representing about one half of the average of 8,000 Afghan security personnel killed each year over the previous five years.,Zia estimated that in total, some 92,000 members of the Afghan security forces died in the line of duty since 2001. Up to 100,000 Afghan civilians, tens of thousands of Taliban fighters, over 3,500 US and coalition troops, and 4,000+ Western mercenaries also perished.,* An organization under UN sanctions for terrorist activities.。    科隆游戏展（Gamescom）于今日在德国科隆拉开帷幕。在众多大作亮相、实机试玩和重大公告中，出现了一种全新的发布形式：Xbox 正与宜家（Ikea）合作，将于今年秋季开始销售一套独家的 Xbox 灵感家具及配件。据 Xbox 称，这个新系列远不止典型的电竞椅和电脑桌组合。Xbox 设计总监 Carl Ledbetter 已在微软工作超过 30 年（可追溯到 IntelliMouse 时代），负责设计了包括 Xbox One 和 Xbox Series X|S 在内的历代主机。

B | Ledbetter 主导了这次与宜家的合作，并表示这种伙伴关系并不像人们想象的那样不同寻常。在 YXSTABY（理解这个命名了吗？）这一“专为家庭游戏设计的九件套系列”发布前，Ledbetter 透露 Xbox 与宜家的联系比预想的要深厚得多。标志性的宜家书架影响了 Xbox 的造型“我们对任何主机设计进行事实上的测试时所使用的家具，就是宜家的 Billy 书架，”Ledbetter 说道。“所以信不信由你，这是一种自然的契合。我在 Xbox 的所有时间都花在研究输入设备、控制器、主机以及产品如何融入家庭环境上。

C | 在设计主机时，横放和竖放的位置都非常重要。所以这种联系可以追溯到很多年前。我们在 Xbox 和宜家设计产品的理念几乎是完全一致的。

D | 这就像是一场天作之合。”这套系列共有九件单品，包括带有主机收纳袋的椅子、摇杆形状的凳子、受方向键（D-Pad）启发的控制器托盘、X 形枕头等。Ledbetter 表示，规划一系列旨在让人拿取、坐卧、倚靠以及互动的家具，带来了一个令人惊讶的挑战。“Xbox 和宜家都具备规模效应，”Ledbetter 说。“我们为全球数百万玩家设计产品，宜家也是如此。至少对于我的团队和设计这个系列来说，不同之处在于要考虑到平板包装（flat pack）。为了将这些产品运往世界各地，宜家当然会使用平板包装。当你买一台游戏机时，你最多只需要插上电源并开机。但在这种情况下，你需要进行一些组装。与他们并肩工作并观察如何解决问题非常迷人，过程很有趣。”Ledbetter 表示，虽然打造家具系列与制造新主机本质上不同，但他的核心设计理念并未改变。“首先，产品必须好用，”Ledbetter 说。“它必须解决实际问题。无论是控制器还是家具，道理都是一样的。其次，对于玩家来说，尤其是在家玩 Xbox 游戏时，沉浸感至关重要。这种沉浸感存在于屏幕上的游戏里，也存在于你手中的控制器里。但如果你仔细想想，它还包括你周围的一切：你坐的产品、放置电视的架子等等。我们开始讨论玩家面临的这些挑战，并立即一起构思创意。我们努力寻找平衡点。”“宜家设计师问我的问题是：‘Carl，Xbox 的标志性元素是什么？’第一位当然是控制器。虽然随着时间的推移我们对其进行了改进和更改，但它的辨识度非常高。因此，控制器上一些人们互动的元素自然而然地浮现出来。方向键就是其中之一，所以你会看到方向键托盘和方向键枕头。当然，摇杆也是必不可少的，它是如此具有互动性和吸引力。最终我们设计了摇杆凳。”Xbox 设计师透露新款 YXSTABY 家具系列包含大量隐藏细节Ledbetter 表示，对于 Xbox 的死忠粉丝来说，当 YXSTABY 系列于今年秋季上市时，会发现很多“彩蛋”。“如果你看电视柜或显示器支架，看看设计师在这些产品上加入的细节，它们非常简洁，”Ledbetter 说。“没有任何多余的东西。材质诚实且真实。这些相同的 Xbox 设计品质贯穿了整个系列。”“它们可能不会立即脱颖而出。

E | 我们称之为第二层级、第三层级的解读。你会开始注意到这些东西的微妙之处。比如在电竞椅上，我们使用了绿色缝线。它非常非常含蓄，但懂行的人自然会懂。他们会认出这些小特质。”新款 Xbox 家具系列将具备丰富的无障碍功能Ledbetter 曾参与 Xbox 革命性的自适应控制器设计，他表示，为所有玩家设计 YXSTABY 与向硬核粉丝致敬同样重要。“能使用这款产品的人越多越好，”Ledbetter 说。“这款电竞椅是为两种游戏姿势设计的。第一种是坐直，即身体前倾的姿势。

F | 在玩像 战争机器：事变日 这样的游戏时，你可能会手心出汗，战况激烈。当你打败 Boss 后会发生什么？你会靠回去。此外，我们在枕头的原型设计过程中发现，你实际上可以在玩游戏时用它来支撑手臂，这创造了非常酷的体验。”“另一个无障碍设计是显示器支架。你可以把显示器放在上面，它更符合人体工程学，与视线齐平，让你保持更好的姿势。支架下方可以放置鼠标、键盘和笔记本电脑，甚至能塞进一台 Xbox Series S。此外，它还有各种可配置的架子，用于放置耳机和手机。还有一个地方可以为控制器充电。所以我们真的在努力照顾不同人群及其需求。

G | ”Ledbetter 想要建造一座以 Xbox 为灵感的房子在微软漫长的职业生涯中，Ledbetter 有机会设计了许多广受欢迎、标志性的产品，其外形深受玩家和非玩家的认可。虽然他对与宜家的合作感到满意，但他表示，如果有机会，他仍想挑战一个重大的 Xbox 改编项目。“Xbox One X 发布时，Scorpio（天蝎座）版本是我们制造过的最小、最强大的主机，”Ledbetter 说。“但如果你观察它，它有一种层叠式的设计。把它变成一座房子会很有趣。它可以深受弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特的‘流水别墅’启发，带有小小的层级感。这很有意义，因为我们主机的纯粹设计旨在根据人们的需求，既可以极具表现力，也可以安静内敛。

H | ”YXSTABY 本周在科隆游戏展上亮相，并将于今年秋季在宜家商场和网上发售。

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Published on:10:47:37